The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially among immunocompromised patients, transplant recipients, patients receiving intensive chemotherapy, patients with pulmonary disease and patients with hematologic malignancy. Systemic fungal infections can be life threatening and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. One of the most frequent fungal pathogens is Aspergillus spp. First reported as a human infection in 1953, aspergillosis is now the most common mould infection in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of Aspergillus infection is essential for adequate therapeutic management. This often remains difficult since most of the diagnostic tools used clinically at present either lack specificity or sensitivity, or both at worst. The overall case-fatality rate for invasive aspergillosis is 58%. b
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